Tax Credit Sampler

A tax credit reduces the amount of income tax you may have to pay. Unlike a deduction, which reduces the amount of income subject to tax, a credit directly reduces the tax itself.

Most tax credits are nonrefundable: If the credit amount exceeds the tax owed, no refund is given. Refundable credits are different: If the credit amount exceeds the tax owed, a refund may be due to the taxpayer.

While not a comprehensive list, the following personal tax credits are of general interest to individuals (for businesses, see General Business Tax Credits):


Credit

Description

Form to use with 1040

Personal Credits -- Nonrefundable

Credit
for the elderly or the disabled

If you paid someone to care for a qualifying individual so you (and your spouse if you are married) could work or look for work, you may be able to claim this credit. The credit is a percentage, based on your adjusted gross income, of the amount of work-related child and dependent care expenses you paid to a care provider. You may use up to $3,000 of the expenses paid in a year for one qualifying individual, or $6,000 for two or more qualifying individuals. These dollar limits must be reduced by the amount of any dependent care benefits provided by your employer that you exclude from your income.


Form 2441

Credit
for the elderly
or the disabled

You may be able to take the credit for the elderly or the disabled if:

 . You're age 65 or older and meet certain
   income requirements, or

 . You're under age 65, retired on
   permanent total disability, and received
   taxable disability income during the year


Schedule R Schedule 3 for 1040A filers

Foreign tax credit

This credit is intended to reduce the double tax burden that would otherwise arise when foreign-source income is taxed by both the United States and the foreign country from which the income is derived. Generally, only income taxes paid or accrued to a foreign country or a U.S. possession, or taxes paid or accrued to a foreign country or U.S. possession in lieu of an income tax, will qualify for the foreign tax credit. Qualified foreign taxes do not include taxes that are refundable to you or taxes paid to countries whose government is not recognized by the United States. You can choose to take the amount of any qualified foreign taxes paid or accrued during the year as a foreign tax credit or as an itemized deduction.


Form 1116 (or Schedule A of Form 1040 if taken as an itemized deduction)

Adoption tax credit

You may be able to take a tax credit of up to $11,650 in 2008 ($11,390 in 2007) for qualifying expenses paid to adopt an eligible child. The credit is not available for any reimbursed expense. In addition to the credit, up to $11,650 in 2008 ($11,390 in 2007) paid or reimbursed by your employer for qualifying adoption expenses may be excludable from your gross income. The credit and exclusion for qualifying adoption expenses are each subject to an income limit.


Form 8839

Credit for contribut-
ions to retirement plans and IRAs (saver's credit)

If you make eligible contributions to an employer-sponsored retirement plan or to an individual retirement arrangement (IRA), you may be able to take a tax credit. The amount of the saver's credit you can get is based on the contributions you make, your credit rate, and your adjusted gross income (AGI). If you qualify for the credit, your credit rate can be as low as 10% or as high as 50%, depending on your AGI. Your credit rate also depends on your filing status. The maximum contribution taken into account is $2,000 per taxpayer. On a joint return, up to $2,000 is taken into account for each spouse.


Form 8880

Hope credit

You may be able to claim this credit of up to $1,800 in 2008 ($1,650 in 2007) for qualified tuition and related fees paid for each eligible student. This credit is available only for the first two years of postsecondary education, and only for two years per eligible student. An eligible student must be pursuing a degree or other recognized educational credential, must be enrolled at least half-time for at least one academic period during the year, and have no felony drug conviction on his or her record. The credit is subject to an income limitation.


Form 8863

Lifetime learning credit

You may be able to claim this credit of up to to $2,000 for qualified tuition and related expenses paid for all students enrolled in eligible educational institutions. There is no limit on the number of years for which this credit can be claimed for each student. The student does not need to be pursuing a degree or other recognized educational credentials. The credit is available for one or more courses, and the felony drug conviction rule does not apply.


Form 8863

Resident-
ial energy conser-
vation property credit

You may qualify for this $500 maximum lifetime credit if you make certain energy-efficient improvements (or install certain energy-efficient property) to your existing home. Additional caps apply to specified improvements and property. Applies to your primary residence only. The tax basis of the home is reduced by the amount of the credit you take. Available in 2006 and 2007.


Form 5695

Resident-
ial energy-
efficient property credi

You may be eligible for a 30 percent credit, up to a maximum of $2,000 for any tax year, if you install a solar hot water or electricity- generating solar system in your home. This credit also applies if you install fuel cell property, but is limited to $500 per .5 kilowatt hour of capacity. This credit is not allowed on solar hot water systems used exclusively to heat swimming pools or hot tubs. Your home's tax basis is reduced by the amount of your credit. Available in 2006 through 2008.


Form 5695

Credit for qualified clean-fuel vehicles

A combination of four credits: the hybrid vehicle credit, the advanced lean-burn technology vehicle credit, the alternative fuel vehicle credit, and the credit for vehicles powered by fuel cells. The maximum credit for a hybrid or advanced lean-burn technology passenger car or light truck is $3,400, and is available in 2006 through 2010. The maximum credit for an alternative fuel (or clean-fuel) passenger car or light truck is $4,000, and is available in 2006 through 2010. The maximum credit for a fuel cell passenger car or light truck is $12,000, and is available in 2006 through 2014. This credit is available whether you buy or lease.


Form 8910

Personal Credits -- Nonrefundable

Earned income credit

This is a special credit for certain lower-income people who work. The amount of the credit is based on your adjusted gross income (AGI), your filing status, and the number of qualifying children you have (if any).


If you have at least one qualifying child, attach Schedule EIC.


Child tax credit


This is a credit of $1,000 for each qualifying child you claim on your return. The credit may be used to reduce the full amount of your regular tax and alternative minimum tax liability. (A portion of the child tax credit may be refundable.) The credit is limited if your modified adjusted gross income is above a certain amount

Depending on types of income, other credits, and/or AGI, the worksheet in Publication 972. To claim the refundable portion of the child tax credit, use Form 8812.